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Question 1 from Simon

Now I feel I kind of understand what you're saying, but I'm not sure why you consider it different from the general application of the non localism of QM to relativity ?

The proper interval locality shows that quantum behaviour is consistent with special relativity.

The proposition is quantum events are not non-local but governed by interval locality.
Conventionally events are contiguous (touching and capable of influencing each other) only if their spatial and temporal separations have zero magnitude. In space-time events can have another form of locality, interval locality where the magnitude of the interval separating them has zero magnitude. Events can have interval contiguity regardless of their remoteness in space and time. Events that are interval contiguous have proper interval locality. The proper interval locality model says quantum systems are sensitive to interval contiguity and it is the underlying causal mechanism governing their interactions.

The model provides the mechanism for the state of the world at one event to be super-positioned onto the states of world at events elsewhere in the world enabling the probability of interaction between spatial positions to be calculated. This is the mechanism that leads to the development of the wave-function in a way purely consistent with special relativity.

The classic experiment that demonstrates the world to be non-local in the conventional sense is Aspect’s Experiment. This experiment is supposed to demonstrate super-luminal connectivity between spatially remote photons. This connectivity is some how created without any known causal link. Einstein Spooky force?

Proper interval locality does not require the flight of photons; instead the source and the detectors become “relativistically” super-positioned. In space-time the event when the calcium atom cascades and the two events where the photo multipliers detect absorptions are super-positioned. The two detectors are experiencing a single incident both instantaneously absorbing energy from the cascading donor. It is therefore inevitable that results from the detectors will be statistically consistent with the strict correspondence of polarity between both sides of the apparatus. There is no requirement for super-luminal signals between the detectors or phantom carrier particles. I believe the evidence for proper interval locality is overwhelming.

However, proper interval locality is not a matter of speculation; it is something you do.

You look at any experimental arrangement and determine the zero interval paths between source and detectors (between donors and absorbers) and determine the pattern of super-positioning and corresponding wave-functions and hence the probability distribution of interaction. Transactional scenarios are possible where the wave-functions of donors and absorbers can be matched to predict interaction between specific quantum systems although it is difficult to conceive of a situation where this may have practical value

The proper interval locality is ideally suited for computer modelling, any volunteers?

Question 2 from David

If there is only one universe how do you account for single photon interference?

Firstly there are no particles carrying the electromagnetic force.

Single Universe Interference

The interference patterns we observe in say multiple slit experiments were thought to be created by photons interfering with each other as they pass through the experimental set up. However, when the intensity of the light beam is reduced to the extent that only one photon passes through the apparatus at one time the individual interactions build up the same interference pattern. One explanation for this behaviour is that our photon, the one we detect, is accompanied through the apparatus by countless shadow photons that interfere with it. The number of shadow photons required to perform this task is immense; trillions? One explanation for the shadow photons is that they come from universes that exist in parallel with our own and at quantum level they interfere with each other to generate the interference patterns seen in our apparatus.

Proper interval locality, an extended theory of special relativity, says that this level of complex interference can be created by a single universe.

The theory says the photon is never in flight, the energy being exchanged directly between quantum systems via zero interval paths. The flight of photons therefore does not create interference, this comes from elsewhere.

A donor quantum system has associated with it a certain wave frequency that determines how it may interact with other quantum systems. This frequency is proportional to the difference in total energy contained by the quantum system before and after interaction (relative to any given inertial frame of reference). The phase of the wave will be determined by the internal state of the quantum system.

From any event on a quantum system there are an infinite number of zero interval paths leading to any other position in the universe. All zero interval paths linking two quantum system causes them to be contiguous. The total distance taken by each path, relative to a given inertial frame of reference will be different therefore the time will also be different. An event on a quantum system A (let this be an absorber) will therefore be contiguous not to one event on a second system B (donor) but to a history of events. The associated “wave-function” of Quantum system B contiguous with System A will have many phases super-positioned. These will interfere with each other to give the final intensity of the wave-function. If the intensity is high enough and system A’s wave-function is compatible with B’s then an interaction is likely (hints of Cramer here). The energy will simple pass between contiguous systems (Super-positioned).
There is no limit to the number of zero paths between source and detector an apparatus may have, a thousand, a million, a trillion? Proper interval locality explains interference as effectively as the many worlds theory.

It seems that the shadow photons are not coming from parallel universes but from different times and places in our own.

Question 3 from Torbjorn

My question is about the fact that I didnt find anything traveling in your
theory. In the ordinary theory if an atom emits a photon that same atom is
ready to absorb a photon before its "previous" photon has been absorbed by
another atom. My point is that the transaction of energy by photons takes
time, and during that time the energy is not associated with any atom. I
didnt find that part in your article, did I miss it or is there another
solution?

That is because nothing is travelling the donor and the absorber systems become super-positioned and the energy passes directly between them. The time of travel only appears because of the way we measure the separation of events.

In proper interval locality theory the exchange of energy between quantum systems is a process that takes place in space-time. This process consists of the development of the electromagnetic wave-function and the direct transfer of energy between quantum systems without the need for a third party carrier particle. The structure of space-time does it all for you! There is no time when there is a “Photon” flying through space hence a it cannot appear as an element of the theory.

Where the world is flat space-time is characterised by Minkowski’s metric.

In Minkowski space-time two spatially remote events may be separated by an interval of zero magnitude, provided that for any inertial reference frame the sum of the squares of the spatial components of separation are equal to the square of temporal separation.

The inertial frame of reference is selected arbitrarily. If we were to choose another reference frame then the measures of space and time will be different. The measure of time separating events is dependent on the observer’s frame of reference.

Our observational knowledge connected to the location of events is dependent on the way we measure them.

The only thing that is constant emerging from these measures is the extension between the pairs of events; the interval.

Quantum systems unlike human beings don’t have clocks and rules to obtain observational knowledge about the location of events; instead the principle of proper interval locality says they are sensitive to the intervals separating them from all events in the world. The dependence on the interval rather than time allows quantum systems to develop wave-functions that govern where and with what remote system they can interact by direct exchange of energy via zero interval paths.

Have another look at “Visualing Proper Interval Locality” and “The Development of the wave-function” on the website.

Once you understand the role of structure of space-time in governing how quantum systems interact then the characteristics of quantum mechanics that seem bizarre and counter-intuitive will seem almost like common sense.

An extreme example of the instantaneous nature of the exchange of electromagnetic energy between quantum systems is the Hubble deep field picture. This might help you picture what’s going on.

Firstly let me summarise the predictions of proper interval locality: -
Spatial remote quantum systems (atoms) exchange energy instantaneously (when viewed from the inertial perspective of the energy being exchanged). The energy involved in the photonic exchange process does not have any independent existence outside the donor and absorber systems. The event denoting the emission of energy from the donor system is connected to the event denoting the receipt of energy by the absorber system by a zero interval path. The two events are contiguous in space-time. We can regard the two systems to be super-positioned on each other. This allows the energy of excitation to pass from donor to absorber instantaneously without the need for a carrier particle.

Note the super position of quantum systems is universal; all systems are connected to every other system via many zero interval paths. The essence of proper interval locality physics is to evaluate for any physical configuration how these paths are likely to influence the outcome of observable events.

The Hubble deep field picture is an image of an area of the sky covering 2.5 arc minutes in the constellation of Ursa Major. The image shows about 1500 galaxies from a time when the universe was only a fifth of its present age (assuming the Big Bang to be correct?).

To form this image proper interval locality says that the interval between the charge- coupled device in the Hubble camera and the distant galaxies must have zero magnitude.
The galaxies and the camera are contiguous in space-time. Excited atoms in the far galaxies are super-positioned with the atoms of the charge-coupled device in the camera. Conversely, the atoms in the CCD have presence in the distant galaxy. The energy can pass between the super-positioned systems; that is from a donor system in the distant galaxy to an absorber in the camera. Relative to our inertial reference frame the energy appears to jump 10 billion years and 10 billion light years. Relative to its own inertial frame no time or distance is traversed.
Question 1 from Simon

Now I feel I kind of understand what you're saying, but I'm not sure why you consider it different from the general application of the non localism of QM to relativity ?

The proper interval locality shows that quantum behaviour is consistent with special relativity.

The proposition is quantum events are not non-local but governed by interval locality.
Conventionally events are contiguous (touching and capable of influencing each other) only if their spatial and temporal separations have zero magnitude. In space-time events can have another form of locality, interval locality where the magnitude of the interval separating them has zero magnitude. Events can have interval contiguity regardless of their remoteness in space and time. Events that are interval contiguous have proper interval locality. The proper interval locality model says quantum systems are sensitive to interval contiguity and it is the underlying causal mechanism governing their interactions.

The model provides the mechanism for the state of the world at one event to be super-positioned onto the states of world at events elsewhere in the world enabling the probability of interaction between spatial positions to be calculated. This is the mechanism that leads to the development of the wave-function in a way purely consistent with special relativity.

The classic experiment that demonstrates the world to be non-local in the conventional sense is Aspect’s Experiment. This experiment is supposed to demonstrate super-luminal connectivity between spatially remote photons. This connectivity is some how created without any known causal link. Einstein Spooky force?

Proper interval locality does not require the flight of photons; instead the source and the detectors become “relativistically” super-positioned. In space-time the event when the calcium atom cascades and the two events where the photo multipliers detect absorptions are super-positioned. The two detectors are experiencing a single incident both instantaneously absorbing energy from the cascading donor. It is therefore inevitable that results from the detectors will be statistically consistent with the strict correspondence of polarity between both sides of the apparatus. There is no requirement for super-luminal signals between the detectors or phantom carrier particles. I believe the evidence for proper interval locality is overwhelming.

However, proper interval locality is not a matter of speculation; it is something you do.

You look at any experimental arrangement and determine the zero interval paths between source and detectors (between donors and absorbers) and determine the pattern of super-positioning and corresponding wave-functions and hence the probability distribution of interaction. Transactional scenarios are possible where the wave-functions of donors and absorbers can be matched to predict interaction between specific quantum systems although it is difficult to conceive of a situation where this may have practical value

The proper interval locality is ideally suited for computer modelling, any volunteers?

Question 2 from David

If there is only one universe how do you account for single photon interference?

Firstly there are no particles carrying the electromagnetic force.

Single Universe Interference

The interference patterns we observe in say multiple slit experiments were thought to be created by photons interfering with each other as they pass through the experimental set up. However, when the intensity of the light beam is reduced to the extent that only one photon passes through the apparatus at one time the individual interactions build up the same interference pattern. One explanation for this behaviour is that our photon, the one we detect, is accompanied through the apparatus by countless shadow photons that interfere with it. The number of shadow photons required to perform this task is immense; trillions? One explanation for the shadow photons is that they come from universes that exist in parallel with our own and at quantum level they interfere with each other to generate the interference patterns seen in our apparatus.

Proper interval locality, an extended theory of special relativity, says that this level of complex interference can be created by a single universe.

The theory says the photon is never in flight, the energy being exchanged directly between quantum systems via zero interval paths. The flight of photons therefore does not create interference, this comes from elsewhere.

A donor quantum system has associated with it a certain wave frequency that determines how it may interact with other quantum systems. This frequency is proportional to the difference in total energy contained by the quantum system before and after interaction (relative to any given inertial frame of reference). The phase of the wave will be determined by the internal state of the quantum system.

From any event on a quantum system there are an infinite number of zero interval paths leading to any other position in the universe. All zero interval paths linking two quantum system causes them to be contiguous. The total distance taken by each path, relative to a given inertial frame of reference will be different therefore the time will also be different. An event on a quantum system A (let this be an absorber) will therefore be contiguous not to one event on a second system B (donor) but to a history of events. The associated “wave-function” of Quantum system B contiguous with System A will have many phases super-positioned. These will interfere with each other to give the final intensity of the wave-function. If the intensity is high enough and system A’s wave-function is compatible with B’s then an interaction is likely (hints of Cramer here). The energy will simple pass between contiguous systems (Super-positioned).
There is no limit to the number of zero paths between source and detector an apparatus may have, a thousand, a million, a trillion? Proper interval locality explains interference as effectively as the many worlds theory.

It seems that the shadow photons are not coming from parallel universes but from different times and places in our own.

Question 3 from Torbjorn

My question is about the fact that I didnt find anything traveling in your
theory. In the ordinary theory if an atom emits a photon that same atom is
ready to absorb a photon before its "previous" photon has been absorbed by
another atom. My point is that the transaction of energy by photons takes
time, and during that time the energy is not associated with any atom. I
didnt find that part in your article, did I miss it or is there another
solution?

That is because nothing is travelling the donor and the absorber systems become super-positioned and the energy passes directly between them. The time of travel only appears because of the way we measure the separation of events.

In proper interval locality theory the exchange of energy between quantum systems is a process that takes place in space-time. This process consists of the development of the electromagnetic wave-function and the direct transfer of energy between quantum systems without the need for a third party carrier particle. The structure of space-time does it all for you! There is no time when there is a “Photon” flying through space hence a it cannot appear as an element of the theory.

Where the world is flat space-time is characterised by Minkowski’s metric.

In Minkowski space-time two spatially remote events may be separated by an interval of zero magnitude, provided that for any inertial reference frame the sum of the squares of the spatial components of separation are equal to the square of temporal separation.

The inertial frame of reference is selected arbitrarily. If we were to choose another reference frame then the measures of space and time will be different. The measure of time separating events is dependent on the observer’s frame of reference.

Our observational knowledge connected to the location of events is dependent on the way we measure them.

The only thing that is constant emerging from these measures is the extension between the pairs of events; the interval.

Quantum systems unlike human beings don’t have clocks and rules to obtain observational knowledge about the location of events; instead the principle of proper interval locality says they are sensitive to the intervals separating them from all events in the world. The dependence on the interval rather than time allows quantum systems to develop wave-functions that govern where and with what remote system they can interact by direct exchange of energy via zero interval paths.

Have another look at “Visualing Proper Interval Locality” and “The Development of the wave-function” on the website.

Once you understand the role of structure of space-time in governing how quantum systems interact then the characteristics of quantum mechanics that seem bizarre and counter-intuitive will seem almost like common sense.

An extreme example of the instantaneous nature of the exchange of electromagnetic energy between quantum systems is the Hubble deep field picture. This might help you picture what’s going on.

Firstly let me summarise the predictions of proper interval locality: -
Spatial remote quantum systems (atoms) exchange energy instantaneously (when viewed from the inertial perspective of the energy being exchanged). The energy involved in the photonic exchange process does not have any independent existence outside the donor and absorber systems. The event denoting the emission of energy from the donor system is connected to the event denoting the receipt of energy by the absorber system by a zero interval path. The two events are contiguous in space-time. We can regard the two systems to be super-positioned on each other. This allows the energy of excitation to pass from donor to absorber instantaneously without the need for a carrier particle.

Note the super position of quantum systems is universal; all systems are connected to every other system via many zero interval paths. The essence of proper interval locality physics is to evaluate for any physical configuration how these paths are likely to influence the outcome of observable events.

The Hubble deep field picture is an image of an area of the sky covering 2.5 arc minutes in the constellation of Ursa Major. The image shows about 1500 galaxies from a time when the universe was only a fifth of its present age (assuming the Big Bang to be correct?).

To form this image proper interval locality says that the interval between the charge- coupled device in the Hubble camera and the distant galaxies must have zero magnitude.
The galaxies and the camera are contiguous in space-time. Excited atoms in the far galaxies are super-positioned with the atoms of the charge-coupled device in the camera. Conversely, the atoms in the CCD have presence in the distant galaxy. The energy can pass between the super-positioned systems; that is from a donor system in the distant galaxy to an absorber in the camera. Relative to our inertial reference frame the energy appears to jump 10 billion years and 10 billion light years. Relative to its own inertial frame no time or distance is traversed.